Located just north of the Old City’s Damascus Gate, the Church of St. Anne and the nearby Pool of Bethesda hold significant historical and religious importance in Jerusalem. This chapter explores the rich history and spiritual significance of these two Christian sites.
Church of St. Anne
The Church of St. Anne is a remarkable example of medieval architecture, boasting a rich history dating back to the Crusader era. According to Catholic tradition, this site is believed to be the home of Anne (Hanna), the mother of the Virgin Mary. Built during the 12th century by the Crusaders, the church features a simple Romanesque design with thick walls and minimal adornments. Over the years, the church served various purposes, including a Madrasa (school for religious studies) during Salah A-Din’s reign. Later, it was entrusted to the Catholic “White Fathers” order, who beautifully restored the church and uncovered the remains of ancient adjacent churches.
The three-aisled basilica incorporates cross-vaulted ceilings and pillars, clear clean lines, and a somewhat unadorned interior. The nave is separated from the lower lateral aisles by arcades of arches. The high altar, designed by the French sculptor Philippe Kaeppelin incorporates many different scenes. On the front of the altar are depicted the Nativity (left), the Descent from the Cross (center), and the Annunciation (right); on the left-hand end is the teaching of Mary by her mother, on the right-hand end is her presentation in the Temple.
In the south aisle is a flight of steps leading down to the crypt, in a grotto believed by the Crusaders to be Mary’s birthplace. An altar dedicated to Mary is located there. The Byzantine basilica was partly stretched over two water basins, collectively known as the Pools of Bethesda, and built upon a series of piers, one of which still stands today in its entirety.
The Church of St. Anne is renowned for its extraordinary acoustics, acting as a perfect sound box for singing and prayers. Visitors are encouraged to enter during singing sessions or prayers to experience the uplifting acoustics. Inside the church, a statue of Anne with her child Miriam (Mary) stands on the left side of the entrance gate, representing the rich tradition of Anne and Joachim, her husband, who were childless until Miriam’s miraculous birth. According to legend, an angel instructed Joachim to reunite with Anne near the beautiful gate in Jerusalem, where they were blessed with the birth of Miriam, who later became the mother of Jesus.
The Pool of Bethesda
Adjacent to the Church of St. Anne lies the Pool of Bethesda, an extraordinary archeological site with profound biblical significance. The pool’s history is rooted in the Gospel of John, where Jesus performed miraculous healing in its waters. John 5:2 account of Jesus healing a paralyzed man at a pool in Jerusalem, described as being near the Sheep Gate and surrounded by five covered colonnades or porticoes. It is now associated with this site, which was excavated in the late 19th century. The site contains the remnants of two ancient pools, a Roman temple, and two large churches – a Byzantine and a Crusader church.
Originally, the site served as a water reserve during ancient times, and after the destruction of the Second Temple, the Romans established lavish bathhouses and a temple dedicated to Asclepius, the Roman God of Medicine. Later, a grand basilica was constructed in the 5th century to commemorate the birth of Miriam (Mary) and the “Bethesda Miracle.” The church was partially situated over one of the pools, supported by pillars that can still be seen today.
Throughout history, the site suffered destruction and reconstruction, witnessing the changing tides of various religious traditions. The Crusaders rebuilt part of the site and erected a chapel to honor the Bethesda Miracle, integrating both traditions into a smaller church.
Visitors have the option to enter the archeological site to explore the marked trails, uncover the remnants of the ancient basilica, descend to the water wells, and observe the remains of the Roman temple.
The Church of St. Anne and the Pool of Bethesda are invaluable sites for Christian pilgrims and history enthusiasts alike, offering a journey through time and faith, and connecting visitors with the profound stories and events that shape the spiritual legacy of Jerusalem.
Today, the Church of St. Anne and the Pool of Bethesda continue to be essential pilgrimage sites for Christians from all over the world. They offer a serene and spiritually uplifting experience, allowing visitors to connect with the biblical events that unfolded in this sacred location. Whether it is the resonating hymns in St. Anne’s Church or the quiet contemplation by the Pool of Bethesda, these sites provide a profound encounter with the Christian heritage and a deeper understanding of the timeless stories that shape the faith of millions.
This has been a preview of our book –
Churches of Jerusalem: A Pilgrim’s Guide to the Sacred Sites
“Churches of Jerusalem” is your ultimate companion for an unforgettable journey through the revered Christian sites of Jerusalem. Explore the ancient churches that hold centuries of history and culture within their walls. Immerse yourself in the captivating narratives of saints, prophets, and historical figures who shaped the religious tapestry of the Holy Land.
This meticulously crafted guidebook offers practical tips, detailed maps, and insightful commentary to ensure a seamless and fulfilling pilgrimage experience. Discover hidden gems beyond the Old City walls and embrace responsible tourism, respecting local customs and traditions.
With “Churches of Jerusalem,” delve into the rich historical context of each site through facts, historical context, and many anecdotes. Whether you’re a devout Christian or a curious traveler, let this guide lead you on an enriching and transformative journey through the sacred heart of Jerusalem.