The story of Jesus’ birth is one of the most renowned narratives in history, capturing the hearts of believers and scholars alike. Amidst the biblical accounts of the miraculous event, an intriguing figure emerges – Salome, the midwife present during the birth of Jesus. In this post, we will delve into the enigmatic character of Salome, exploring her role as Jesus’ midwife, her significance in historical and biblical context, and her enduring impact on religious beliefs and cultural narratives.
Salome in Historical and Biblical Context
To understand Salome’s role better, it is essential to place her in the historical context of her time. In the biblical accounts, Salome is mentioned briefly, but her presence carries great significance. As a midwife during ancient times, she played a vital role in childbirth, a responsibility that was held in high regard in various cultures.
In ancient societies, midwives were revered for their invaluable skills and experience in assisting women during childbirth. They were not just medical attendants but also served as spiritual and emotional support for expectant mothers. Understanding the role of midwives in Salome’s era provides insights into the critical role she played during Jesus’ birth.
Salome’s presence as Jesus’ midwife is not confined to biblical texts alone. Christian traditions have elaborated on her involvement, portraying her as a central figure during this pivotal moment in history. The accounts of Salome’s interactions with Mary and her role in Jesus’ birth have been interpreted and depicted in various ways across Christian denominations.
The Gospel of James and Salome’s Story
The non-canonical Gospel of James provides further details about Salome’s involvement in Jesus’ birth. In it, Salome emerges as a significant figure associated with the Nativity of Jesus. According to this ancient text, she is portrayed as an associate of the unnamed midwife present during the birth of Jesus. Eastern Orthodox icons often depict Salome alongside the midwife, illustrating her vital role in this pivotal event, although Western depictions have gradually faded over time, leaving her mostly forgotten in that tradition.
It is essential to note that the Gospel of James, also known as the Protevangelion of James, distinguishes Salome from “the midwife,” giving her a unique identity.
The passage in Chapters XIX and XX reads, in the edition and translation by M. R. James:
(Ch XIX, 3) And the midwife went forth of the cave and Salome met her. And she said to her: Salome, Salome, a new sight have I to tell thee. A virgin hath brought forth, which her nature alloweth not. And Salome said: As the Lord my God liveth, if I make not trial and prove her nature I will not believe that a virgin hath brought forth.
(XX. 1) And the midwife went in and said unto Mary: Order thyself, for there is no small contention arisen concerning thee. And Salome made trial and cried out and said: Woe unto mine iniquity and mine unbelief, because I have tempted the living God, and lo, my hand falleth away from me in fire. And she bowed her knees unto the Lord, saying: O God of my fathers, remember that I am the seed of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob: make me not a public example unto the children of Israel, but restore me unto the poor, for thou knowest, Lord, that in thy name did I perform my cures, and did receive my hire of thee. 3 And lo, an angel of the Lord appeared, saying unto her: Salome, Salome, the Lord hath hearkened to thee: bring thine hand near unto the young child and take him up, and there shall be unto thee salvation and joy. 4 And Salome came near and took him up, saying: I will do him worship, for a great king is born unto Israel. And behold immediately Salome was healed: and she went forth of the cave justified. And lo, a voice saying: Salome, Salome, tell none of the marvels which thou hast seen, until the child enter into Jerusalem.
Gospel of James
The portrayal of Salome’s role in the Gospel of James has been subject to scholarly interpretations. J. R. Porter suggests that this depiction is likely an adaptation of the episode of Doubting Thomas, highlighting the complexity and diversity of biblical narratives. Various versions of the story exist in different texts, further enriching the mystery surrounding Salome’s involvement.
In Greek paintings and illustrations, the midwife is often labeled as “Emea,” which translates to “the midwife.” However, in Western interpretations, this title was sometimes mistaken for Salome’s name rather than her profession. Notably, Salome’s significant role as the first, following the midwife, to witness the birth of Jesus and recognize him as Christ, has led to associations with Salome the disciple. This connection, over time, led to Salome’s identification with Mary Salome in the Western tradition, bestowing upon her the title of the believing midwife.
Salome’s Tomb
In the year 2022, just before Christmas, an extraordinary archaeological discovery was unveiled – “the tomb of holy Salome, the midwife of Mary,” located near Tel Lachish in central Israel. The burial cave, which had previously been unearthed by antiquity looters in 1982 and subsequently excavated by the Israel Antiquities Authority in 1984, lay about 35 kilometers southwest of Jerusalem. Despite evidence suggesting it was a significant Christian pilgrimage site during the Byzantine era, it had remained closed to the public until now.
The recent archaeological efforts in 2022 revealed an elaborate tiled forecourt at the entrance of the cave. This courtyard was adorned with intricate stone carvings, soaring arches, and a mosaic floor, evoking a sense of grandeur and reverence. Additionally, the remains of a small marketplace, containing hundreds of oil lamps, were found, hinting that pilgrims may have rented them to illuminate their way into the cave.
The cave itself is a breathtaking sight, ranking among the most impressive archaeological finds in Israel. It is believed to have belonged to Salome’s affluent Jewish family, evident from the ornate decorations featuring Jewish imagery. Interestingly, the cave also encompasses a later Christian chapel, bearing crosses carved into its walls, and numerous inscriptions from the Byzantine and Muslim periods, recorded in Greek, Syriac, and Arabic.
Among the ancient graffiti adorning the walls, significant mentions of “Salome,” “Jesus,” and the names of pilgrims have been etched into history. The most notable inscription, written in Greek, pays tribute to a man named “Zacharia Ben Kerelis” who dedicated a portion of the burial cave and courtyard in honor of the Holy Salome. Archaeologists speculate that Zacharia Ben Kerelis was a wealthy Jewish patron who generously funded these constructions.
The excavation, conducted by the Israeli Antiquities Authority, had a greater purpose beyond mere discovery. It aimed to open the sacred site to the public, making it a part of the Judean Kings Trail, a 100-kilometer trail stretching from Beersheba to Beit Guvrin, showcasing numerous remarkable archaeological sites.
Beit Lehi
The significance of the area is not limited to historical and archaeological realms. For members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the nearby site of Beit Lehi holds special meaning. According to their beliefs, Beit Lehi could have been the ancient home of Lehi, a Hebrew prophet mentioned in the Book of Mormon. The Mormon group, the Beit Lehi Foundation, has also been involved in the preservation and exploration of Salome’s sacred cave.
In conclusion, the discovery of “the tomb of holy Salome, the midwife of Mary” has shed new light on the historical and religious tapestry of Israel. The exquisite artifacts and inscriptions within the cave offer a glimpse into the lives and beliefs of the people from the Byzantine and Muslim periods, leaving us with a deeper appreciation for the ancient connections that resonate through the ages.
Conclusion: Salome, Jesus’ Midwife
Salome, the midwife present during Jesus’ birth, holds a unique place in biblical history and religious traditions. Though her role is not extensively detailed in canonical texts, she continues to spark curiosity and contemplation among believers and scholars alike. As we explore her story, we come to appreciate the pivotal role she played during the birth of Jesus and the enduring legacy she leaves behind as a symbol of strength, compassion, and the power of women in history.
For more information on the historic sites related to the Gospel, read our Jesus Trail book. The trail stretches for about 65 kilometers and follows the most sacred and interesting sites of the Holy Land.
In this comprehensive and trusted trail guide, you will find all the information you will need to navigate all parts of the trail, along with elevation gain and mileage, and detailed descriptions of each site with its unique history, architecture, and religious significance – this guide includes everything you need to plan and execute your Jesus Trail adventure.