The Ethiopian Church, also known as the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, boasts a history dating back to the early centuries of Christianity. According to tradition, Ethiopia was among the first nations to accept Christianity, thanks to the efforts of the apostle Philip and the conversion of the Ethiopian eunuch mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles.
The Ethiopian Church
For over 1,500 years, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church has maintained a quiet yet significant presence in Jerusalem, with deep-rooted connections to the city’s ancient history. Some believe that an Ethiopian delegacy has existed in the Holy Land since the legendary meeting between the Queen of Sheba and King Solomon, dating back some 3,000 years.
For many centuries, the Ethiopian Church in Jerusalem centered around a small courtyard with several structures located behind the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in the Christian Quarter of the Old City. This sacred space held immense spiritual significance for the Ethiopian community.
Over time, the Ethiopian Church gradually expanded its presence beyond the walls of the Old City, particularly to the western part of Jerusalem. The move began in the 19th century, driven by the vision of powerful Ethiopian monarchs seeking to establish a stronger global presence for their faith.
In 1888, Emperor Yohanes of Ethiopia acquired a sizable plot of land and initiated the construction of a new church and monastery. This impressive complex eventually lent its name to the road it stands on – Ethiopia Street. The circular architectural style of the new church echoes the design of other Ethiopian churches, infusing the heart of Jerusalem with unique Ethiopian aesthetics.
Today, the Ethiopian Church complex in Jerusalem remains a serene oasis in the bustling downtown area. The secluded courtyard provides a haven of tranquility, inviting visitors to experience the spiritual aura of this sacred place.
Kidane Mehret: Covenant of Mercy
The official name of the Church, Kidane Mehret, is a Ge’ez phrase meaning Covenant of Mercy. It refers to the Ethiopic tradition that Jesus promised his mother that he would forgive the sins of those who sought her intercession.
The Kidane Mehret Church in Jerusalem is round in shape with a dome of some 30 meters in height.
As in most Ethiopian churches, the interior consists of three concentric rings. In the center are the square mekdes, “sanctuary”, also called the kidist qiddusan, “holy of holies”, which only priests and deacons may enter and which contains the tabot, the tablet over which the Eucharist is celebrated. Around this is the circular part known as kidist, “holy”, intended for those able to receive holy communion. The outer circular ring, the qne mahilet, is for the cantors and is accessible by the faithful generally.
During the Easter season, the Ethiopian Church comes alive with vibrant and lively services, attracting both pilgrims and curious onlookers. Witnessing these festive celebrations offers a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in the rich cultural and religious traditions of the Ethiopian community.
As visitors enter the church, it is essential to respect Ethiopian customs and rituals. One must remove their shoes at the entrance, as this practice is a requirement of the Ethiopian rite and reflects the deep reverence held for this sacred space.
The Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Jerusalem is a testament to the enduring faith and cultural heritage of the Ethiopian community. Through its rich history, distinctive architecture, and spiritual practices, the Ethiopian Church adds a vibrant chapter to the diverse religious landscape of the Holy City.
Places to Explore In the Ethiopian Quarter:
The Ethiopian Orthodox Church: Visit the impressive Ethiopian Orthodox Church, a circular structure located in a secluded courtyard. Experience the tranquility and witness lively services, especially during Easter.
Ethiopia Street: Take a stroll along Ethiopia Street, named after the Ethiopian Emperor Yohanes, who bought a large plot of land in the 19th century and began construction of the new church and monastery.
This has been a preview of our book –
Churches of Jerusalem: A Pilgrim’s Guide to the Sacred Sites
“Churches of Jerusalem” is your ultimate companion for an unforgettable journey through the revered Christian sites of Jerusalem. Explore the ancient churches that hold centuries of history and culture within their walls. Immerse yourself in the captivating narratives of saints, prophets, and historical figures who shaped the religious tapestry of the Holy Land.
This meticulously crafted guidebook offers practical tips, detailed maps, and insightful commentary to ensure a seamless and fulfilling pilgrimage experience. Discover hidden gems beyond the Old City walls and embrace responsible tourism, respecting local customs and traditions.
With “Churches of Jerusalem,” delve into the rich historical context of each site through facts, historical context, and many anecdotes. Whether you’re a devout Christian or a curious traveler, let this guide lead you on an enriching and transformative journey through the sacred heart of Jerusalem.
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